Ngexesha lam leminyaka eli-15 ndixhasa iiprojekthi zokugcina ukutya okukhenkcezisiweyo kuzo zonke iindawo zokugcina ukutya ezikhenkcezisiweyo, iindawo ezibandayo zamayeza, iiplanti zokulungisa ukutya, kunye{1}}namaziko okusasaza amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ndifunde ukuba ubushushu obuphantsi ngomnye wemingeni emikhulu echaphazela ukusebenza kwebhetri yeforklift yombane. Uninzi lwabaqhubi kunye namaqela okuthenga acinga ukuba iibhetri zombane zombane zeforklift ziya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwizikhenkcisi, kuphela zijongane nokwehla komthamo ngequbuliso, amaxesha okusebenza afinyeziweyo, ukuvalwa okungalindelekanga, kunye nokusilela kwebhetri kwangaphambi kwexesha. Iindawo ezibandayo zicotha ukusabela kweekhemikhali, zonyusa ubunzima bokutshaja, kwaye zibeke esichengeni iibhetri kucondensation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-thermal{4}}imiba esingenako ukuyiphatha isixhobo esiqhelekileyo. Kwesi sikhokelo sobuchwephesha, ndabelana ngenyani kwi{6}}ngamava obunjineli besiza, iimeko ezimbini ezisebenzayo zekhonkco lesicelo, kuhlalutyo olunzulu lokusilela kwebhetri, kunye neengcebiso zolungiso olusebenzayo ukunceda abaphathi bogcino olubandayo, abaqhubi bempahla, kunye namaqela okuthenga akhusela iibhetri zeforklift, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo, kwaye unqande ixesha lokuphumla elinexabiso eliphantsi{8}}kwimisebenzi yobushushu. Nokuba usebenzisa indawo yokugcina yesikhenkcezisi enzulu, indawo ebandayo yamayeza, okanye iziko lokuhambisa ukutya, ezi zisombululo{10}zisekwe kubungqina ziya kukunceda ugcine uzinzo, ukuphatha imathiriyeli esebenzayo kwezona ndawo zibandayo zicela umngeni.
Ngaphezulu kwekhondo lam lomsebenzi, iqela lam lobunjineli kunye nam ndizise izisombululo zeforklift ezilungiselelweyo zokugcina ezingaphezulu kwama-90 eeprojekthi{1}}zobushushu obuphantsi kwihlabathi jikelele. Sisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kukhuseleko lwebhetri logcino olubandayo,{3}}ubushushu obuphantsi be-lithium yezicelo zebhetri, ukuphatha imathiriyeli yokulungisa ukutya, kunye noyilo lwezixhobo ezibandayo zamayeza. Ndizihlole ngokwam amakhulukhulu eendawo zokugcina ezibandayo apho iibhetri ezisemgangathweni ziye zasilela kwangethuba: iindawo zokugcina ukutya ezikhenkcezisiweyo apho ixesha lokubaleka lehle nge-40% kwi -imeko zeqondo le-22, amaziko oxubo mayeza anengxaki yokuxinana{8}}neziphene zombane eziyeleleneyo, kunye{10}}nemisebenzi yokutshintsha ephindwe kabini njengoko kucwangcisiwe. Inyani yeyokuba, ezi ngxaki aziphepheki{11}ziphantse zisoloko ziphuma kwisixhobo esingahambelaniyo, imikhwa yokutshaja engachanekanga, kunye nokunqongophala kokhuselo lobushushu obuphantsi obujoliswe kulo. Iiforklifti zogcino olubandayo ezenziwe ngobunjineli ngokufanelekileyo ezinolawulo olukrelekrele lwebhetri zinokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo nakwizikhenkcisi ezinzulu ezingama-25 ezinelahleko encinci yokusebenza, kwaye ndizibonile ezi zisombululo ziguqula ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kumashishini ebekade esilwa nemiba yebhetri engaguqukiyo.
Iprojekthi enye emele i-forklift yokugcina ebandayo esiyixhase yaqala ngoJanuwari 2026 kwiziko elikhulu lokuhambisa ukutya okukhenkcezileyo eCanada. Eli ziko lisebenza 25,000㎡ nzulu-indawo engumkhenkce egcina iqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo -18℃ukuya -25℃, ukuphatha 500 ukuya 800 ipallets yenyama engumkhenkce, intlanzi yaselwandle, kunye nokutya okulungisiweyo yonke imihla. Iziko liqhuba iiyure ze-18 zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 shifts, ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-forklift yombane yokunyakaza kwe-pallet, ukulayisha, kunye nokukhulula. Ekuqaleni, umthengi wayesebenzisa iiforklift zombane eziqhelekileyo ezineebhetri zeasidi eziqhelekileyo{22}, kodwa bakhawuleza bajongana nokuphazamiseka okumandla okuthe kwacothisa ishishini labo lonke. Amanqaku abo amakhulu entlungu abandakanya ukulahleka kwebhetri enkulu kubanda kakhulu, kunye nexesha elisebenzayo lokuhamba ukusuka kwiiyure ze-8 ukuya ngaphantsi kweeyure ze-4 ngentlawulo. Ixesha lokutshaja liphindwe kabini, kwaye iibhetri zihlala zisilela ukufikelela kumthamo opheleleyo nasemva kokutshaja okwandisiweyo. Ukuvalwa okungalindelekanga okuphakathi kweshifti kuphazamise ukuzaliseka kwe-odolo kunye nokuhamba kwepallet, ngelixa ukukhwela ibhayisekile rhoqo kunye noxinzelelo olubandayo kunciphisa ubomi bebhetri ukuya ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-18-bufutshane kakhulu kunobulindelekileyo be-3 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5. Amaqela ogcino nawo anike ingxelo yokwakhiwa kwe-condensation ngaphakathi kwamagumbi ebhetri xa uhambisa oomatshini phakathi komkhenkce kunye neendawo ezixineneyo, kudala imingcipheko yokwenene yokhuseleko lombane kwiqela labo.
Iqela lethu lobunjineli lenze uhlalutyo olupheleleyo{0}}kwisayithi ukuchonga oonobangela, kwaye sifumene imiba eliqela ebalulekileyo egqubayo ngokuchasene nabo. Okokuqala, sivavanye ukusebenza kwebhetri kumaqondo asezantsi obushushu: ngaphantsi{2}}zero iimeko zicotha ukusabela kweekhemikhali zangaphakathi, ukunciphisa ukushukuma kwe-ion, kunye nomthamo okhoyo osezantsi kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiibhetri{3} zeasidi. Siye sachonga iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zokutshaja: abasebenzi bebezama ukuhlawulisa iibhetri ngoko nangoko emva kokuba bezisusile -kwizikhenkcisi ezingama-22, ezibangela ukujiya okukhawulezileyo kunye nomonakalo wangaphakathi obenze bufutshane ubomi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iisistim zabo zokutshaja azenzelwanga ukuphinda kwakhona{9}}ubushushu obuphantsi, kwaye bekungekho lawulo lobushushu endaweni yokukhusela iibhetri. Sikwaqaphele nemikhuba yokusebenza engasebenziyo, ukuquka ixesha elide lokungenzi nto ngombane, uhambo olufutshane{10}}umgama rhoqo, kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha enzulu egxininisa ngakumbi iibhetri{14}ezibuthathaka. Ngokusekwe kolu vavanyo lobunjineli, sicebise ngesisombululo esipheleleyo sogcino lweforklift yombane ene-1.5{16}}yetoni kunye ne-2{17}}yemifuziselo yomthamo wetoni eyi-2{19}}eyakhelwe ubushushu obuphantsi. Uphuculo oluphambili lwaluyinkqubo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye neNkqubo yoLawulo lweBattery edibeneyo (BMS) kunye nomsebenzi ozinikeleyo wokufudumeza okuphantsi. Iimpawu eziphambili zibandakanya ukufudumeza kwebhetri esebenzayo ukugcina ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza, ukujonga ubushushu bexesha lokwenyani, ukukhuselwa kokutshaja ngobuchule okuthintela ukutshaja xa ubushushu bebhetri buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye buvalwe ngokupheleleyo, izixhobo zombane ezingangeni manzi ukuze zimelane ne-condensation. Ezi forklift zenzelwe ukhuseleko, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi -25℃, ezixhasa 16+ iiyure zokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla ngokutshaja kwamathuba ngexesha lekhefu.
Emva kokuphumeza isisombululo, umthengi uphumelele uphuculo olumangalisayo olwenze umahluko wangempela kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla. Ixesha lokusebenza kwebhetri linyuke ngaphezu kwe-60%, lixhasa ngokupheleleyo utshintsho olupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuvalwa okungalindelekanga. Ixesha lokuphumla elibangelwe kukungaphumeleli kwebhetri lehle ngama-85%, liphucula kakhulu usetyenziso lwendlu yokugcina kunye nokusebenza kolungelelwaniso. Ubomi bebhetri bondiswe ukuya kutsho kwi-5+ iminyaka, kucuthwa ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nexabiso lilonke lobunini. Izifudumezi ezikrelekrele kunye nenkqubo ye-BMS ziphelise imingcipheko yokuxinana ngokupheleleyo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo nokuba kukwiqondo lobushushu eligqithileyo neliguquguqukayo phakathi kwesikhenkcisi kunye neendawo zokulayisha.
Ityala lesibini elisebenzayo livela kwindawo yokugcina amayeza abandayo eJamani, egqitywe ngoMatshi ka-2026. Eli ziko libandakanya i-10,000㎡ kwaye ligcina uluhlu lobushushu obungqongqo lwe-2℃ukuya kwi-8℃yezitofu, iitofu, kunye nobushushu{5}}izithako zonyango ezibuthathaka. Isebenza iiyure ezili-16 ngosuku kunye nemigangatho ephezulu kakhulu yococeko, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Iimfuno eziphambili zomthengi zibandakanya ukusebenza okuzinzile ngokupheleleyo, ingxolo ephantsi, umngcipheko wokuvuza kwebhetri, ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo, kunye nokuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho yempilo kunye nokhuseleko kwishishini lamayeza. Abanako ukunyamezela ukuvuza, umsi, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo ezingalindelekanga ezinokubeka esichengeni intembeko yemveliso okanye ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, ngoko ke isixhobo ngasinye kwafuneka sikhethwe ngononophelo olugqithisileyo. Iqela lethu lobunjineli liye lakhupha ngoko nangoko iibhetri zeasidi ezikhokelayo ngezizathu ezininzi. Ilead{{13}ibhetri zeasidi zinomngcipheko wokwenyani wokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, zifuna ulungiso oluthe gqolo oluzisa umngcipheko wosulelo, kwaye ziqhuba kakubi nakwimeko ezinzileyo zobushushu obuphantsi. Bakwavelisa irhasi ngexesha lokutshaja kwaye baphila ubomi obufutshane phantsi kokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwemihla ngemihla. Endaweni yoko, sicebise indawo yombane ezinikeleyo{17}ekwinqanaba elibandayo lokugcina iforklift yombane exhotyiswe ngolungiso{18}lwesistim yasimahla yelithium{19}}yebhetri yeion. Iibhetri zeLithium zitywinwe ngokupheleleyo,{21}}ubungqina bokuvuza, kwaye azikhuphi zigesi okanye ungcoliseko{22}}izenza zilungele ukucoceka, kubume bendawo yoxubo-mayeza olulawulwayo. Bahambisa amandla ombane azinzileyo kunye nomthamo kwi-2℃ukuya kwi-8 degree, inkxaso ithuba lokutshaja ngaphandle kokuthotywa, kwaye babonisa i-BMS ekrelekrele enqanda ukugcwala, ngaphezulu{26}}ukukhupha, kunye nomngcipheko wobushushu. Isixhobo sokuqhuba umbane esiphantsi{28} sikwaxhasa indawo yokusebenza ezolileyo, elawulwayo kwiziko elifunekayo.
Ekugqibeleni, isisombululo sadibana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno ezingqongqo zomthengi. Ukusebenza kwebhetri okuzinzileyo kupheliswe phakathi{1}}ukusilela kweshifti ngokupheleleyo, ukuvuza kweqanda kunye nengxolo ephantsi egcinwe iimeko zegumbi elicocekileyo, kunye nogcino{2}}uyilo lwasimahla lucuthe iimfuno zabasebenzi ngelixa uzigcina zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho yoxubo mayeza. Inqanawa ye-forklift ibonelele ngokungaguquguqukiyo, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo okuxhasa ulungiselelo lwazo lwekhonkco elibandayo elingaphazamisekiyo, elibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini loxubo mayeza.
Ukunceda abaqhubi betsheyini ezibandayo baqonde ngokwenene kwaye bathintele ukusilela kwebhetri, kubalulekile ukucacisa ngokuthe ngqo indlela amaqondo obushushu asezantsi onakalise ngayo iibhetri zeforklift, kuba xa usazi isizathu, ungalungisa ngcono indlela. Okokuqala, ilahleko yomthamo webhetri yeyona siphumo sithe ngqo nesibonakalayo. Kwiindawo ezingaphantsi -zero, ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhetri kucotha kakhulu, kucutha umthamo wamandla asebenzisekayo akhoyo. Ibhetri enikezela nge-100% umthamo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi inokubonelela kuphela nge-50% ukuya kwi-60% umthamo kwi- - }20 isidanga , icuthe ngokuthe ngqo ixesha le-forklift kwaye ibangele ukuphela kwamandla kwangaphambili phakathi- neshift. Okwesibini, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kwehla kakhulu kwiimeko ezibandayo. Iibhetri ezibandayo azikwazi ukwamkela intlawulo ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwixesha elide lokutshaja, ukutshaja okungaphelelanga, kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka wangaphakathi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukutshaja ibhetri ebanda kakhulu kukwadala ukuxinana ngaphakathi kwipakethi, nto leyo ekhokelela kumhlwa, iisekethe ezimfutshane, kunye neengozi zokwenyani zokhuseleko. Okwesithathu, inkqubo yokufudumeza ibhetri ibaluleke kakhulu kwiiforklift zangoku zokugcina ezibandayo. Isifudumezi esihlanganisiweyo sifudumeza ibhetri kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, yokusebenza esebenzayo ngaphambi nangexesha lokusebenza. Xa idityaniswe nenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu kunye{16}}nexesha lokwenyani lokujongwa kobushushu, obu bugcisa bugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, bunqanda ukuxinana, kwaye bandisa ubomi bebhetri nakweyona ndawo inzima yefriji enzulu.
Ukunceda ukucacisa olona khetho lwesixhobo, kuluncedo ukuthelekisa ilothe{0}}yeasidi kunye neebhetri zelithium ngokuthe ngqo kwiimeko zokwenyani zogcino. I-Lead -ibhetri ze-asidi zibonisa ukusebenza okusezantsi{3}} kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nelahleko ebalulekileyo yesakhono esingaphantsi kwe-0 degree, ukusebenza okuphantsi kokutshaja okuye kucothe kwaye kube nzima kwingqele, kufuna ukugcinwa rhoqo okufana nokunkcenkceshela, ukulinganisa, kunye nokuhlolwa komhlwa, kunika ithuba elilinganiselweyo lokutshaja elinokubangela ukuthotywa, ubomi obufutshane beminyaka eyi-1-3 kuphela kumngcipheko wokusebenzisa i-electrorate epholileyo, kunye nomngcipheko wokusebenzisa i-electro-lowly. Iibhetri zeLithium, ngokwahlukileyo, zibonelela ngomgangatho wokusebenza ongcono ngokuzinzileyo ngolawulo lobushushu, ukutshaja okuzinzile okuxhasa ulawulo oluphantsi{8}}lobushushu obuphantsi, ukugcinwa okuphantsi kombulelo kuyilo olutywiniweyo kunye ne-BMS{9}}uyilo olulawulwayo, ukuxhasa ngokupheleleyo ithuba lokutshaja elilungele ukugcinwa okubandayo okuninzi, ukunika ubomi obude kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi we-4– uyilo olutywiniweyo. Lo mahluko wokwenyani welizwe{14}kuko kutheni uninzi lwabasebenzisi bogcino olubandayo betshintshela kwizisombululo zelithium kwiinqwelo zabo.
Ukugcinwa okusebenzayo liqhekeza lokugqibela lokugcinwa kweforklift ebandayo ethembekileyo, kwaye ngokusekwe kumakhulu okuphunyezwa kwesiza, ndisulungekise ezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokukhusela ibhetri ukuba nabani na unokufaka isicelo. Ngaphambi kokungena kwisitoreji esibandayo, soloko ujonga ubushushu bebhetri kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ungaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, qinisekisa inqanaba elaneleyo lokuhlawulisa kwaye ugweme ukungena kwiindawo ezibandayo ngebhetri ephantsi, kwaye uvumele iibhetri ezibandayo ukuba zifudumale kancinci kwindawo yenguqu ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ngexesha lokusebenza, kuthintele ukukhutshelwa nzulu ngokumisa ukusetyenziswa phambi kokuba amandla ombane ebhetri ehle kakhulu, jonga imeko yokwenyani{2}}yexesha lebhetri kwidispleyi, nciphisa ukungenzi nto ngokungeyomfuneko ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye usebenzise ithuba lokutshaja ngexesha lekhefu kwindawo ezingqongileyo okanye zotshintsho. Xa utshaja, tshaja kuphela kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zobushushu obumalunga ne-10℃ukuya kwi-30℃efanelekileyo, sebenzisa ubukrelekrele, iqondo lobushushu{6}}itshaja zezivamvo eziyilelwe ngokukodwa iibhetri zokugcina ezibandayo, vumela iibhetri ukuba zifudumale kancinci phambi kokutshaja ukuba ziphuma ngokuthe ngqo kwizikhenkcisi, kwaye soloko ulandela imigaqo yokutshaja yomenzi ukunqanda ukutshaja. Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla, jonga ukudityaniswa kwebhetri ukuqina kunye nokudleka, jonga ukujiya okanye ukufuma kwindawo yebhetri, uphonononge naziphi na iikhowudi zesilumkiso okanye izilumkiso zobushushu, kwaye ugcine umphezulu webhetri ucocekile kwaye womile ngamaxesha onke. La manyathelo mancinci, angatshintshiyo enza umahluko omkhulu kakhulu kubomi bebhetri kunye nokuthembeka.
Njengomvelisi weforklift oqeqeshiweyo ogxile kwitsheyini elibandayo kunye{0}}nezisombululo zobushushu obuphantsi, iDS Forklift ibonelela ngeshishini{1}}elikhokelayo kwi-DS Cold Storage Electric Forklift series, eyinjineli ngokukodwa izitora ezinomkhenkce, iiplanti zokulungisa ukutya, izibonelelo zamayeza abandayo, kunye{2}}neziko losasazo lobushushu obuphantsi. Uluhlu lwethu lweforklift yokugcina ebandayo lubandakanya i-1.5-toni, 2-itoni, kunye nemodeli yomthamo we-3-yetoni ukuhambelana neemfuno zokuphatha ezahlukeneyo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Zibonisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisezantsi zobushushu kunye neenkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zokufudumeza kunye ne-BMS ehlakaniphile, exhasa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo ukusuka kwi-25℃yonke indlela ukuya kuma-40 degree. Ubude bemast bususela kwi-3000mm ukuya kwi-5000mm enezixhobo zombane ezitywinwe ngokupheleleyo, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokubanda kunye noyilo oluchasene nokujiya okwenzelwe iinguqu ezinzima phakathi kweendawo ezibandayo nezishushu. Yonke iyunithi ixhasa ukutshaja kwamathuba, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ngexesha leeshifti ezinde, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci ukuxhasa imisebenzi engaphazamisiyo yekhonkco elibandayo.
Ngeminyaka ye-R&D ezinikeleyo kunye -namava ehlabathi abandayo abandayo,DawnShine Forkliftinikezela ngesixhobo esomeleleyo, esithembekileyo esisombulula owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo: ukusebenza kwebhetri okuzinzileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluphantsi{0}}lobushushu obungaguqukiyo. Asithengisi nje iiforklifts{2}sihambisa izisombululo ezigcina ikhonkco lakho elibandayo lihamba ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kukusilela kwebhetri rhoqo kunye nexesha lokuphumla.
Ukukhusela iibhetri zeforklift kwindawo ebandayo ayikokugcina nje okuqhelekileyo -kumalunga nokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa iindlela zokusebenza ezichanekileyo, kunye nokuphumeza ulawulo olukrelekrele lwe-thermal olujongana nemingeni eyodwa yobushushu obuphantsi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 exhasa iiprojekthi zamakhonkco abandayo kwihlabathi liphela, ndizibonele ngokwam ukuba ukhuseleko olululo lwebhetri lususa njani ixesha lokuphumla, lwandisa ubomi besixhobo, kwaye lugcina ukusebenza kwamakhonkco abandayo okuhamba kakuhle nakwezona meko zinzima. Nokuba ulawula iziko lokuhambisa ukutya okunomkhenkce, indawo yokugcina amayeza abandayo, okanye iplanti exakekileyo yokulungisa ukutya, ukutyala imali kwinjongo{4}}yakhiwe ngefolokhwe yokugcina ebandayo ngokhuseleko lwebhetri oluvunyiweyo kuyakuphucula ukusebenza kwakho kakuhle, kucuthe iindleko zexesha elide, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okuthembekileyo kwindawo{6} zobushushu obuphantsi. Ezona ziphumo zingcono zivela ekusebenzisaneni nomvelisi onamava oqonda imiceli mngeni yokwenyani yokugcina ukubanda kwaye anike izisombululo zobunjineli, hayi nje ukucima okusemgangathweni{8}}{9}}kwizixhobo zeshelufu. Qhagamshelana ne-DawnShine Forklift namhlanje ukuze ucele i-forklift yokugcina ebandayo kunye nesisombululo sokukhusela ibhetri, kwaye wakhe inkqubo ethembekileyo yokuphatha izinto ezibandayo zeshishini lakho.
